城市低保与家庭减贫

大学中国经济研究中心博士后。

Urban Minimum Living Standard Security and Family Poverty Reduction：

An Analysis Based on CHIPS Project

WEN Wen

（Research Institute of Chinese Economy，Fudan University，Shanghai  200433，China）

Abstract：As the labor market is not standardized and the coverage of social insurance is low， in recent decades the minimum living standard security system has gained more concern in developing countries. Based on Chinese Household Income Project （CHIP） 2002 and 2007， two large scale microsurvey data，this paper analyzed the poverty reduction effect of urban minimum living standard security from the family level comprehensively. The results show that in the help of urban minimum living standard， there were 8.70% of urban households left out of poverty， poverty depth and intensity decreased by 9.7% and 11.5% respectively in 2002; there were 59% of urban households left out of poverty， the rate of poverty depth and intensity reached to 79.2% and 87.8% respectively in 2007. Currently the key subjects the urban minimum living standard security are singleperson households， singleparent households， households with high proportion of aged persons， households with high unemployment rate as well as households with severely disabled and physically weak members， which is related to the household size shrinking， heavier burden of supporting the elderly， persistent unemployment and health care reform not in place.

Keywords：urban minimum living standard security; poverty reduction; family

一、引言

在反贫困政策体系中，社会救助占据重要地位，尤其在发展中国家，由于劳动力市场不规范、社会保险覆盖率低且高度分层，被社会保险排除在外或是社会保险收入不能满足需要的个体，将受到社会救助的保护。最低生活保障（简称低保）是社会救助制度的核心。它是国家向居民提供的一种单向保障，只要家庭收入状况符合保障标准，就有权获得政府提供的资金或实物救助，不受劳动关系和前期缴费的限制。低保的主要功能是减贫，对于因重病、残疾丧失了劳动能力的困难家庭来说，难以像其他社会成员一样通过务工或经营获取市场化的收入。低保通过向此类家庭输送补给，帮助他们维持生计，更重要的是通过这一途径使其参与经济增长利益的分享，一定程度上缓解社会收入差距。

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