9种杀虫剂对堆蜡粉蚧的田间防治效果
文章编号:2095-1191(2016)12-2078-06
Abstract:【Objective】Effective insecticides were screened out for controlling Nipaecoccus vastator Maskell, in order to provide science basis for field control. 【Method】Field control effects of nine insecticides and two insecticides mixed at various ratios on N. vastator Maskell were determined using spraying method. 【Result】Results showed that, on day 7 after spraying, in terms of control effects, 22.4% spirotetramat SC(4500 and 3500 times) and 25% buprofezin WP+48% chlorpyrifos EC(mass ratio being 7:3)(2000 and 1000 times) reached more than 90.00%, 50% clothianidin WG, 25% buprofezin WP+48% chlorpyrifos EC(1∶1) and 10% imidacloprid WP(1000 times) more than 80.00%, other insecticides less than 76.00%. On day 15 after spraying, as for control effect, 22.4% spirotetramat SC(4500 and 3500 times), 25% buprofezin WP+48% chlorpyrifos EC(1∶1)(2000 and 1000 times) and 25% buprofezin WP+48% chlorpyrifos EC(3∶7)(1000 times) reached more than 95.00%, 48% chlorpyrifos EC and 10% imidacloprid WP(1000 times) more than 90.00%, 25% buprofezin WP+48% chlorpyrifos EC(3∶7)(2000 times), 25% buprofezin WP+48% chlorpyrifos EC(7∶3) and 20% fenpropathrin EC(1000 times) more than 80.00%, other insecticides less than 80.00%. 【Conclusion】Mixtures of 22.4% spirotetramat SC, 25% buprofezin WP and 48% chlorpyrifos EC(mass ratios being 1∶1, 3∶7 and 7∶3) can be used as preferred insecticides to control N. vastator Maskell in orchard, and 48% chlorpyrifos EC and 20% fenpropathrin EC can be taken as alternative pesticides.
Key words: Nipaecoccus vastator Maskell; longan; insecticide; control effect
0 引言
【研究意義】堆蜡粉蚧(Nipaecoccus vastator Ma-
skell)属同翅目粉蚧科,在我国华南地区主要为害荔枝、龙眼、柑橘、橙、黄皮、柚、茶树及园林绿化植物等(王子清,1982;覃连红等,2009)。该虫通过吸食果树等寄主植物的汁液导致嫩枝、花穗枯萎,引起落花落果(陈广全等,2015),并伴随发生煤烟病,严重影响果实的品质(袁晓丽等,2012)。近年来,堆蜡粉蚧逐渐成为果园中普遍发生的害虫,由于农户对堆蜡粉蚧重视不够等原因,该虫在果树上的为害越来越重,同时市场上防治该虫的药剂品种较多,如何从中选择防治该虫的有效药剂已成为生产上迫切需要解决的问题。【前人研究进展】生产理论上可利用最常见的寄生天敌粉蚧长索跳小蜂(Anagyrus dactylopii Howard)对堆蜡粉蚧进行生物防治(陈少波等,1996),但由于天敌昆虫大规模繁殖技术的限制,推广效果不甚理想(周雅婷等,2015),因此对该虫的防治仍以化学防治为主。何大彦和何伟(1995)研究发现氧化乐果可有效防治桑树上的堆蜡粉蚧,其防效可达90%以上。黄碧丽(2000)研究发现阿维菌素和吡虫啉混剂及杀扑磷对园林花木的堆蜡粉蚧有较好的防治效果。许建明和郭翠英(2003)用添加0.2%洗衣粉的敌敌畏防治堆蜡粉蚧也取得较好的防效。【本研究切入点】近年来,国内外筛选出一批防治果树介壳虫的高效低毒低残留药剂品种,主要应用于防治扶桑绵粉蚧、柑橘红蜡蚧、矢尖蚧和日本龟蜡蚧等(方天松等,2016;唐建清等,2016;田如海等,2016),但应用于防治堆蜡粉蚧的药效研究鲜有报道。【拟解决的关键问题】通过喷雾施药的方法测定9种常用杀虫剂单独使用及部分药剂混合使用对龙眼上堆蜡粉蚧的田间防治效果,以期筛选出对该虫防效较好的杀虫剂,为堆蜡粉蚧的田间化学防治提供科学依据。
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