内蒙古不同地区日光温室的气温变化特征及增温效应研究

文章编号：0439-8114（2017）14-2628-07

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2017.14.008

Abstract： To reveal difference of temperature in seasonal change and daily variation rule in sunlight greenhouses of the different areas of Inner Mongolia， the paper studies respectively greenhouses of three typical areas in eastern， central and western Inner Mongolia. By collecting meteorological data of inside and outside greenhouse from September 2011 to May 2012， daily variation of temperature in greenhouse on the typical sunny or cloudy were analyzed. Mean while， the aim was to look for the relationship of the average temperature and the lowest temperature between inside and outside greenhouse in different areas， to search difference of frost resistance of greenhouse in cold season in different areas， in order to study warming effect and insulation performance of the greenhouse in different areas. The results showed that the greenhouse of the eastern region had good thermal insulation performance， which was suitable for the anniversary production of vegetables. In the greenhouse of the central region， farmers should take appropriate measures to ensure the normal growth of solanaceous fruit vegetable in the cold season. However， in the greenhouse of the western region， daily lowest temperature was lower than 2 ℃ on portion period， vegetables of not resistant to low temperature such as celery was prone to chilling injury.

Key words： sunlight greenhouse； temperature； daily variation； warming effect； freezing tolerance

20世纪90年代以来，北方地区日光温室发展迅猛[1]，设施农业作为现代化农业发展的重要形式之一，结合现代生物技术和工程技术，为农产品生产提供可以人为进行控制和调节的环境条件，使光、热、水、土、氣、肥等资源得到充分利用，从而更加有效地保证农产品产量[2，3]。温室和各种类型的蔬菜大棚是设施农业中最重要的组成部分，利用人造小气候来满足作物反季节生长所需的气候条件[4]，使农业生产在一定程度上摆脱了对自然条件的依赖。

内蒙古位于中国北部边疆，地域辽阔，所处纬度较高，东西跨经度广，地貌以蒙古高原为主，具有复杂多样的形态，气候以温带大陆性季风气候为主。从东北向西南全年太阳辐射量逐渐递增，降水量逐渐递减[5]。总的气候特点是春季气温骤升，多大风天气，夏季短促而炎热，降水集中，秋季气温剧降，霜冻往往早来，冬季漫长严寒，多寒潮天气。内蒙古东部边缘的大兴安岭山地，降水较多，森林茂盛。中部多数地方水草丰茂，是广阔的草原牧场；阴山山脉是中国内流区与外流区的分界线。西部阴山以南的河套平原地势平坦，土质肥沃，沟渠纵横。

对内蒙古东、中、西3个典型地区的温室大棚内的气温变化规律开展研究，探索温室内外气温的差异及冷季温室的抗冻能力差异，为全面揭示不同地区温室的增温效应提供基础信息，有利于更好地利用气象预报为设施农业服务，在发展高产优质高效的设施农业中具有特殊意义，同时增加气象为农服务的项目。

推荐访问:内蒙古 气温 效应 特征 变化