六级基本语法讲义,五
六级基本语法讲义
五 . 从句
一.
名词性从句 ( 最易把握得从句) *
What he said doesn’t make any sense、 做主语
She said that she would go shopping today、 做宾语
He wonders whether/if Liuxiang will win the game、做宾语
That is what I want、 做表语 (以上从句都可以用名词替换,因此以上各句都为名词性从句)
试瞧以下名词性从句在句中充当何种成分:She warned me t h a t
this migh t
l e ad
to a t r a gic ending 、
He told me
t hat I
s h ould n o t
tri f le with my b oss 、
He wondered if th e y wo ul d b e lie v e
h im 、
He asked me whether there w e re any t ic k e t s
le f t or
not 、
My boss gave me a list of w ho was o ff s ick
thi s
shift 、
He didn’t tell me about who
l iv ed next to
us 、
He didn’t tell me anything about whom he w as angry a bo ut 、
We don’t know wh om t his neckl a ce b elon g
to 、
W h o ev er
ch o se to leave
finally found out they were wrong、 What
he
i s
tr yi n g t o d o
is to make a good impression on us、 You can’t imagine w h at
t h is
me ans t o m e 、
What he said to me soothed my mind、 Whatever you said about Mike proved to be right、 Can you tell me w hos e
b ook this
is? We want to find out w ho s e
fa u l t this i s、
We have no idea w h ic h
b ook is
h i s
favorite 、
He showed us w h i c h p art w a s mos t
in t ere s ti ng 、
I didn’t know wh en
this
happ e n e d 、
I don’t know where
th e
h o u s e i s l ocat e d 、
I can’t figure out h o w this
ha p p en e d、
Can you explain to me w h y
you a re
l a te for
w or k
a gain ?
You have no idea ho w
ridiculous th i s sc e ne
w ill be 、
Later, you will find out
how stupi d
y ou
w ere 、练习: 1.I am sure
you will ask questions like these. A.what
B.whether
C.that
D.where 2.All the space explorers say
the earth looks wonderful from a rocket. A.that
B.which
C.who
D.why 3.
I want is your advice. A.What
B.When
C.Which
D.That 4.
he will attend the meeting or not has not been decided yet. A.Who
B.Whether
C.If
D.What 5.What we know about her is
she married a rich businessman. A . whe t her
B. t h a t
C.whom
D.which 6.Why do we count things in groups of ten? The reason is
we have ten fingers. A.where
B.how
C.why
D.that 7.
you didn’t know the rules won’t be a sufficient excuse for your failure to report. A.That
B.Because
C.What
D.It is 8.Please pay special attention to
the teacher said in class. A.how many
B.how much
C.whoever
D.what 9.Free tickets will be given to
es first. A.whoever
B.whatever C.which
D.whichever 10.She asked me
I liked the science fiction. A.when and where
B.where
C.how
D.however 11.The problem is
measures we must take next. A.whom
B.what
C.whose
D.whatever 12.The news
he was injured seriously in the accident made his parents very sad and worried. A.that
B.how
C.what
D.when 13.Because of air resistance, there is a limit to
fast an object falls. A.how much
B.why
C.how
D.where
14、 The fact is well-known to everybody
he has the reputation for being brave. A . w hy
B.how
C.that
D.what 15.Stopping pouring polluted water into the river is
the factory is required to do at present. A.that
B.as
C.what
D.how
二.
定语从句
( 最难得从句) **
关系代词 The man who help me a lot turn out to be my neighbor、
关系代词 The book about which he talked yesterday is a novel、
关系副词 That’s the moment I lost my mind、(when)
那就是我失去理智得一瞬间
That’s the place where I spent my whole childhood、 那就是我童年时候呆过得地方
That’s the way I did my job、
那就就是我工作得方式
That’s why the market fell last season、
那就就是上个季度市场低迷得原因
注意:关系副词引导得定语从句 经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导得定语从句来表示。
如:
From the years when / in which he was going to primary school in the country he had known what he wanted to be
when he grew up、
自从她在农村读小学时,她就已经知道长大后要做什么。
Great changes are taking place in the city where / in which they live、
她们生活得城市正发生巨大得变化。
The reason why / for which he refused the invitation is quite clear、
她为什么拒绝接受邀请得原因就是十分明了得。
非限制性定从 The village is flooded, which forced many local people to seek shelter in the mountain、 (以上从句都起
到定语得修饰作用)
同位语从句
There is spreading a rumor that the prime minister will resign soon、
He was almost fainted when he heard the news that his marriage proposal has been accepted、
需要同学注意得几点:1、限制性定从与非限制性定从得区别
2、修饰人,修饰物,介绍物主得不同关系代词区别 that, which, whose, 省略
3、定从中关系副词与关系代词得区别
4、定从中英语表达逻辑与汉语理解方式得区别 1、 Nearly all the streets are in straight lines, ________ from east to west、 Those ________ run from north to south are called avenues、
A、 running; that
B、 run; who
C、 running; who
D、 run; that 2、 This is the case ________ he’s had all his money stolen、
A、 when
B、 where
C、 that
D、 on which 3、 Mr、 Smith will pay a visit to Beijing this autumn, ________ we will enjoy
the Olympic Games in 2008、
A、 where
B、 when
C、 which
D、 ho w
4、 —How did you get in touch with the travel agent, Robin?
—Oh, t hat’s easy、 I surfed the Internet and then called one ________ the telephone number is provided、
A . which
B、 in which
C、 of which
D 、 W h o s e 5、 October 15th is my birthday, ________ I will never forget、
A、 when
B、 that
C、 what
D、 Which 6、 I shall never forget the day ________ Shen Zhou V was launched, ________ has a great
effect on my life、
A. when, which
B、 that, which
C、 which, that
D、 when, that 7. 她在那里呆了很长一段时间,并且学到了很多技能。
8. 这幅画让我想起了我小时候在家乡得河里与小伙伴们嬉戏得时光。9.
您能把李老师讲得东西都记下来吗? 10. 这就是我瞧过得最好得电影。
11. 家里发生火灾后,那辆车为了她得唯一拥有。
12. 我们如何筹集那么多资金,这个问题很难解决。三. 状语从句
( 最普遍得从句) *** *
As he es into the car, the music goes on、
时间状语从句, whe n, w hil e, as
soon as, u nti l,
before, aft er,
as lon g a s、、、、、、
I still feel pletely confused about it, though I have been trained how to operate this machinery
让步状语从句, al though, thoug h, but 、、、、、、
So far as I can see, the peace agreement will not be seriously obeyed、
条件状语从句,i f , as
far as, as long as, now tha t、、、、、、
The economic downturn can not be reversed, no matter how government tries to save it by investing much、
Whatever weapon you choose, I can defeat you without any problem、
Fake listening may be easily noticed, since many speakers are sensitive to facial expressions
and c a n tell i f
you’re m erely
pretending to listen、
原因状语从句 ,si nce,
for , be ca use, as 、、、、( 以上从句起到状语得修饰作用)
总结: A 名词性从句:主语,宾语,表语 B 状语从句:
伴随(时间),原因,条件,让步,目得, 比较 C定语从句 练习 1.The policeman arrested the man who stole the money、 2.The man told us that he would quit smoking、 3.Where they live plays an important role to their study、 4.They laughed so much /that their stomach ached、 5.He told me the secret that he knew the truth、 6.I have a request to you that you should help the poor more、 7.He admire the way in which I solve the problem、 8.It is he who helped me out of trouble yesterday、 9.It’s the book that I lost yesterday、 10.The ne w s that China will be in a war with Japan threatened the whole society 11.Nobody kn o ws wether the athlete will break a new world record and win the title again、 12.As far as i can see, the pany’s yearly revenue will be considerably enriched if the experienced new chief director does
not resign、 13.(no matter you)Believe it or not, that’s the last thing I would like to do、 14.The insurance money we could pay for it could not cover all your loss in the car accident, since we can not do more help、 15. The moment i saw you, I fall into love with you、 16.When shining in the sky, the stars make the whole sky full of romance、 17. You shall not drink and drive your car for fear that you will get drunk and have an accident、 以下不为从句 They may think that ‘s a very wise choice, but that’s the last thing we could do、 Under such circumstances, people will all lose their faith in going any further with the experiment、 To catch the last school bus, she got up early、 Inspired by the professor’s remarks in class, he went back and made a major break through in biological experiment、
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